Embedded Man

  WPA2 vs WPA3: Why the Handshake Matters A detailed breakdown of what changed between two generations of Wi-Fi security — and why the shift from a four-message exchange to a cryptographic dance called Dragonfly is a bigger deal than most people realize. 01 - Setting the Stage Wi-Fi security has been a moving target since the late 1990s. WEP collapsed under academic scrutiny. WPA was a temporary band-aid. WPA2 — introduced in 2004 — became the bedrock of wireless security for nearly two decades. And now WPA3, standardized in 2018, is gradually taking its place. But the transition is not just a version bump. WPA3 represents a fundamental rethinking of how devices authenticate each other on a wireless network. The centerpiece of that rethinking is the authentication handshake — the cryptographic ritual that establishes a shared secret before any real communication begins. Key insight: "The weakness of WPA2 was not a flaw in AES encryption — it was a flaw in how the keys we...

Hey folks in this article we are going to discuss the difference between Priority Inheritance Protocol and Priority ceiling protocol In real-time operating systems (RTOS), there are two common mechanisms used for managing priority inversion are priority ceiling and priority inheritance.   What Is Priority Inversion ? Priority inversion happens when a low-priority task holds a shared resource that a high-priority task needs, causing the high-priority task to wait and potentially miss its deadline. Both priority ceiling and priority inheritance aim to prevent priority inversion and ensure that high-priority tasks can execute as expected. However, these mechanisms differ in their implementation and effectiveness.   How To Solve Priority Inversion Problem ?  There Are Two ways :  Priority inheritance protocol (PIP) : Is a technique where the priority of a task that holds a shared resource is temporarily raised to the highest priority of any task waiting for th...

Hey folks in this article we will explain compilation process in C how does our program is translated to machine code that can be executed in our machine  Compilation process What is compilation ? Compilation is a process of converting source code written in high-level languages such as C or C++ into machine language code that can be executed by the processor Compilation process in C can be divided into four stages. Pre-processing Compiling Assembling Linking Pre-processing Stage This step is done using a program called pre-procesor .The pre-procesor takes the source code as an input , remove all comments from the source code and interpret all pre-processing directivese . For example if the pre-procesor find this line in our code  #include <studio.h> it replaces this line with content of the file studio.h The pre-procesor generate output files with .i extension  to learn more about pre-procesor and pre-processing directivese see this article ....

     Hey folks welcome to Embedded Man in this article we will introduce you the C programming language but first things first what is programming language. What Is Programming Language In General a programming language is the way a programmer use to interact with computer internals because computers understand only machine code language ( which is a set of zero's and one's ) programming languages is like intermediate language between us and computer hardaware a Formal definition of a programming language would be a set of commands , instruction and other syntax used to create a software programs.  Languages a programmers use to code are called High-level language this code is then translated using a programs called Compilers into a Low-level language which is recognized directly by the computer hardware. Another definition of a programming language  is a vocabulary and set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer or computing device to perform spec...